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embrs Non-Exhaust Emissions Factors

Source: R/ef_embrs.R
ef_embrs.Rd

Functions to estimated vehicle weight, speed and brake-work-based non-exhaust PM2.5 and PM10 emission factors based the extension of Beddows proposed in embrs paper.

Usage

ef_embrs1_nee_pm(
  veh.wt,
  veh.spd = NULL,
  veh.type = NULL,
  em.type = c("pm2.5", "pm10"),
  em.source = c("brake", "tyre", "road", "resusp"),
  brk.regen = FALSE,
  route.def = c("urban", "rural", "motorway"),
  route.source = "uk naei",
  verbose = FALSE,
  ...
)

ef_embrs1_brake_pm2.5(em.type, em.source, ...)

ef_embrs1_tyre_pm2.5(em.type, em.source, ...)

ef_embrs1_road_pm2.5(em.type, em.source, ...)

ef_embrs1_resusp_pm2.5(em.type, em.source, ...)

ef_embrs1_brake_pm10(em.type, em.source, ...)

ef_embrs1_tyre_pm10(em.type, em.source, ...)

ef_embrs1_road_pm10(em.type, em.source, ...)

ef_embrs1_resusp_pm10(em.type, em.source, ...)

ef_embrs2_brake_pm(
  veh.wt,
  veh.spd = NULL,
  veh.type = NULL,
  brk_b = NULL,
  em.type = c("pm2.5", "pm10"),
  em.source = c("brake"),
  brk.regen = FALSE,
  route.def = c("urban", "rural", "motorway"),
  route.source = "uk naei",
  verbose = FALSE,
  ...
)

ef_embrs2_brake_pm2.5(em.type, em.source, ...)

ef_embrs2_brake_pm10(em.type, em.source, ...)

ef_embrs2_tyre_pm(
  veh.wt,
  veh.spd = NULL,
  veh.type = NULL,
  tyr_t = NULL,
  em.type = c("pm2.5", "pm10"),
  em.source = c("tyre"),
  brk.regen = FALSE,
  route.def = c("urban", "rural", "motorway"),
  route.source = "uk naei",
  verbose = FALSE,
  ...
)

ef_embrs2_tyre_pm2.5(em.type, em.source, ...)

ef_embrs2_tyre_pm10(em.type, em.source, ...)

Arguments

veh.wt

(numeric, required) vehicle weight (in kg).

veh.spd

(numeric, required) vehicle speed (in km/hr).

veh.type

(character) type of vehicle, e.g bus.

em.type

(character) type of emissions to predict, by default PM2.5 and PM10.

em.source

(character) emission source, by default brake, tyre, road and resuspension, but can be any combination.

brk.regen

vehicle regenerative braking, default FALSE means not installed/used or a numeric (0-1) for efficiency if installed/used, e.g. 0.25 = 25% efficient (equivalent to a 75% of a conventional non-regenerative brake contribution).

route.def

(character) route definition(s).

route.source

(character) route source(s).

verbose

(logical) If TRUE, include methods details when reporting EF predictions.

...

other arguments, often passed on.

brk_b

(numeric; ef_embrs2_brake... only) brake work parameter proposed in Tivey et al (2023).

tyr_t

(numeric; ef_embrs2_brake... only) tyre work parameter proposed in Tivey et al (2023).

Value

These functions build data.frames of vehicle weight and speed, (and brake and tyre work) based emission factors for non-exhaust PM2.5 and PM10. ef_embrs1_nee_pm is the main (weight and speed) function, other ef_embrs1... functions are wrappers for this for single source and type emissions factors, and ef_embrs2... functions are brake and tyre work based functions proposed in Tivey et al (2023).

Note

These may be moving to vein at some point...

References

These functions are based on methods developed and reported by:

Beddows, D.C. and Harrison, R.M., 2021. PM10 and PM2.5 emission factors for non-exhaust particles from road vehicles: Dependence upon vehicle mass and implications for battery electric vehicles. Atmospheric Environment, 244, p.117886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117886.

And, extrapolated to speed, brake and tyre-wear related emission factors in:

Tivey, J., Davies, H.C., Levine, J.G., Zietsman, J., Bartington, S., Ibarra-Espinosa, S. and Ropkins, K, 2023. Meta-Analysis as Early Evidence on the Particulate Emissions Impact of EURO VI on Battery Electric Bus Fleet Transitions. Sustainability 15, 1522. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021522