bus objects — bus.objects • embrs

Bus objects for use in embrs models.

Usage

bus_ice(
  veh.wt = NULL,
  eng.fuel = NULL,
  euro.class = NULL,
  ...,
  veh.type = "bus"
)

bus_bev(veh.wt = NULL, ..., veh.type = "bus")

Arguments

veh.wt: (required numeric) weight of vehicle in kg.
eng.fuel: (required character) the engine fuel used by the vehicle, e.g. diesel.
euro.class: (required character) vehicle EURO classification, e.g. PRE, I, II, III, IV, V or VI.
...: other arguments, passed on to common vehicle build functions. Arguments depend on the vehicle/engine/fuel combination. See embrs.vehicles help for further details.
veh.type: (character) type of vehicle, default bus.

Value

These functions make bus models for embrs emissions models. The main models bus_ice and bus_bev are internal compression engine and battery electric buses, respectively.

Note

Work in progress...

References

These functions are based on methods developed and reported by:

Beddows, D.C. and Harrison, R.M., 2021. PM10 and PM2.5 emission factors for non-exhaust particles from road vehicles: Dependence upon vehicle mass and implications for battery electric vehicles. Atmospheric Environment, 244, p.117886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117886.

And, extrapolated to speed and, break/tyre-wear related emission factors in:

Tivey, J., Davies, H.C., Levine, J.G., Zietsman, J., Bartington, S., Ibarra-Espinosa, S. and Ropkins, K, 2023. Meta-Analysis as Early Evidence on the Particulate Emissions Impact of EURO VI on Battery Electric Bus Fleet Transitions. Sustainability 15, 1522. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021522